The first step in garden creation is the selection of a place for it. First we need to find a place where we can start making a garden. Then we should decide a shape of our garden.
When space is limited it resolves itself into a box garden. Of course a box garden is better than no garden at all.

When choosing the right site for the garden the main determining factor should be the sun. No experienced gardener will choose north corner for a garden because, while north corner do well for ferns it is undesirable for certain wild flowers, and begonias in it

The best solution will be the southern spot where the sun shines all day long. During this location of the garden the rows of our flowers and vegetables will grow north and south. As the result our plants will receive the sun-rays in the morning on the eastern side, and in the afternoon on the western part of it. We will have straight growing plants with that garden placement.

In case the garden faces southeast the western sun is of no problem for it. In order to get the best allocation of sun-rays it is desirable to run the garden rows northwest and southeast.

Our main goal is to get the sunlight evenly distributed among the plants for the long time period. If we use a graph provided that the sun shines part of the day on one side of the plants and another part on the other, we can manipulate out any situation. The southern exposure brings the ideal result because the sunshine is distributed half time nearly to each side. The northern exposure leaves plants practically out of sunshine and is undesirable. At the same time northeastern and southwestern exposure always get uneven distribution of sunshine, no matter how carefully it is constructed.

First we should outline the plan of our future garden on paper. This plan will be helpful when the planting time will come. It is timesaving and helps us out of buying unnecessary amount of seed.

Sites for new gardens are to be found where they are covered either with turf or with rubbish. In large garden areas the ground is to be ploughed and the sod turned under and in small gardens the sod is to be removed. Also the sod should be taken off and it is the next question. Stake and line off the garden place. The line gives the correct and straight course to follow. Trim the edges with the spade along the line. If the area is a small one, say four feet by nineteen or twenty, this is an easy thing to do. Such a narrow strip of land can be marked off like a checkerboard, the sod cut through with the spade, and entirely removed. This should be done in two long strips cut lengthwise of the strip. When the turf is cut through, roll it right up.
If the garden place is large then try to divide it up into strips approximately a foot wide and take the sod off as before. You may ask what to do with the sod? It should no be thrown away for it is, although not quite in available form but full of richness. So pack the sod grass side down one square. Then leave it nearby to rot and to weather. When rotted it becomes a good fertilizer. This rotting vegetable matter is called a compost pile. Then add any old green vegetable matter to this during the summer. In autumn put the leaves on it. Plenty of goodness is being fixed for another gardening season.

Even if we have a large enough garden to plough, pick out the large pieces of sod rather than have them turned under. Pick out the pieces of sod over the ploughed space, shake them and pack them up in a compost heap.

It is not sufficient to spade the soil. The soil will still be left in pieces. During spading always break up the big lumps. But even so the ground is not yet ready for planting. Our soil must be very fine indeed to plant in, because the seeds can get very close to fine particles of soil. The large lumps leave large spaces where tiny root hair cannot penetrate. A seed gets stranded in a perfect waste when planted in pieces of ground. A seed among large lumps of soil is in a situation when baby starves but surrounded with candies. We cannot pulverize the soil only with spade. We should use rake as well. That's the rake is good for. It is a good piece breaker, but will not do well for large lumps. Still if the ground has large pieces in it use the hoe.

Sometimes it is difficult for people to handle the hoe. The main task of the hoe is to rid the soil of weeds and process the top surface of the soil. It is mainly used in summer to create a mulch of dust necessary for retaining moisture in the soil. Every so often people act as if they were going to chop everything around them into atoms. Hoeing is not such vigorous exercise as they think it is. This can be said about spading that is vigorous and hard work, but not hoeing and raking.

After we break the pieces use the rake to make the bed smooth and fine. Now it can be said that major part of our work is done.